Insurance terms – Glossary

  • Actual Cash Value

    The fair market value of property. Actual Cash Value (ACV) is computed by subtracting the depreciation from the replacement cost.

  • Actuary

    A statistician who computes the financial impact of risk and uncertainty. Actuaries help keep Elephant profitable by setting prices and determining how much to hold in reserve to pay claims.

  • Adverse Carrier

    A term often used to refer to the other party's insurance company.

  • Amendment

    An alteration to the basic policy contract. This is not to be confused with an endorsement, which adds to a policy.

  • Appraisal

    A process, performed by an impartial expert, that determines the value of property, or the extent of damage to the property.

  • Arbitration

    A process of settling a dispute outside the courts through an impartial party, wherein the resolution is agreed to be bound.

  • Assigned Risk (AIP)

    A driver who does not qualify for insurance in the regular market. He or she must get coverage through a state assigned risk plan which specifies that each insurance company must provide policies for a proportionate share of these drivers.

  • At-Fault

    The party that is legally liable for the damages incurred through an accident.

  • Auto Insurance

    Provides protection from losses to the insured's property and losses for which the insured is liable as a result of owning or operating an auto.

  • Auto Theft

    The theft of an auto is covered under comprehensive coverage.

  • Binder

    A temporary agreement declaring that the policy is immediately effective.

  • Bodily Injury

    An injury or illness resulting from a person.

  • Bodily Injury Liability Coverage

    Pays damages for bodily injury or death resulting from a car accident for which you are at fault and provides you with a legal defense. This coverage is subject to the terms, limits and conditions in your policy contract.

  • CLUE® Report

    Comprehensive Loss Underwriting Exchange (CLUE) report provides claim history information.

  • Cancellation

    The termination of an insurance contract before the end of the policy period, either by the insured or insurer.

  • Catastrophe

    A disaster affecting a specific geographic area that often causes injuries and extensive property damage. Hurricanes, tornadoes and floods are examples of catastrophes.

  • Claim

    A request for payment from the insurance company based on the terms of the insurance policy.

  • Claim Adjuster

    A person, employed by the insurance company, responsible for investigating and settling a claim.

  • Claimant

    Person or entity presenting a claim.

  • Collision Coverage

    Pays for damages to an insured car when it hits or is hit by another car or object. This coverage is subject to the terms, limits and conditions of your policy contract.

  • Comparative Negligence

    A principle of law that, in some states, may enable claimants to recover a portion of their damages even if they are partially at fault, or negligent. Each party's negligence is compared to the other's and a claimant's recovery can be reduced by the percentage of his or her own negligence.

  • Competitive Auto Repair Parts

    Parts made by a company other than the manufacturer of the auto. All parts Elephant authorize meet or exceed the quality of the equivalent manufacturer's parts, but cost less. We will guarantee these parts for as long as you own the car.

  • Competitive Estimate

    The consideration of multiple repair estimates.

  • Comprehensive Physical Damage Coverage

    Pays for damages to your vehicle from vandalism, theft, flood, fire or other covered perils. This coverage is subject to the terms, limits and conditions of your policy contract.

  • Condition

    The section of the insurance contract that lists the duties and responsibilities of both the insured and the insurance company following a loss.

  • Continuously Insured

    Insurance coverage from an insurer that was in effect at all times, without a break or lapse in coverage for any reason.

  • Contributory Negligence

    A principle of law that, in some states, may prevent claimants from recovering any portion of their damages if they are partially at fault, or negligent.

  • Coverage

    Protection and benefits provided by the insurance company in the insurance contract.

  • Damage

    Loss or harm to a person or property.

  • Damages

    Money that one party is legally obligated to pay to another party.

  • Declarations

    The section of an insurance policy that includes the following:
    – your name and address
    – the vehicle that is being insured
    – types of coverage you have elected
    – limit for each coverage
    – cost of each coverage

  • Deductible

    The portion of a claim that is not covered by the insurance provider. It is the amount you pay out of pocket before the insurance company will cover any expenses. Choosing a higher deductible will lower your insurance premiums.

  • Depreciation

    The reduction in value of a property due to usage, time, wear and tear, technological outdating, depletion, inadequacy, rust, decay or other such factors. Generally, depreciation is not an insurable loss.

  • Discount

    A reduction in your premium if you or your car meets certain conditions that are likely to reduce the insurer's losses and expenses. Elephant gives discounts for clean driving records, good students, multiple cars, and paperless accounts.

  • Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT)

    EFT is an electronic payment method that lets you make your premium payments with automatic deductions from your bank account.

  • Emergency Road Service Coverage

    Protection for problems that are not typically covered by your auto insurance, such as:
    – locked out of your car
    – towing not related to an accident
    – dead battery
    – flat tire
    – running out of gas

  • Endorsement

    An addition to the basic policy contract.

  • Estimate

    An assessment of the cost to repair your damaged vehicle.

  • Exclusion

    Restrictions in your insurance policy that limits or excludes coverage for certain perils, property, or locations.

  • Expiration Date

    The date that your policy coverage runs out and your renewal policy will start. This date can be found on your declarations page.

  • Financed Car

    A car that has been financed by a loan. The lender retains a lien on the auto until it has been paid off.

  • First Party

    Term used to refer to the insured.

  • First Party Claims

    A claim made for damages, loss or injury made by an insured.

  • Hazard

    Anything that increases the chance of loss or an accident occurring.

  • Indemnification

    The act of providing payment for a loss with the intent to restore an individual to the approximate financial position prior to the loss.

  • Indemnity

    Compensation for a loss intended to restore an individual or entity to the approximate financial position prior to the loss. Forms of indemnity include cash payments, repairs, replacement, and reinstatement.

  • Independent Adjuster

    An individual who estimates losses on behalf of an insurance company, but is not an employee of that company.

  • Inspection

    Confirmation of a car's physical condition.

  • Insurable Interest

    Exists when an individual would suffer a financial loss as the result of damage to property or bodily injury.

  • Insurance

    Insurance is a system in which groups of people who have similar chances of suffering a loss transfer their risk of loss to an insurer who pools the risk of many people together. In exchange for payment of premium, the insurer promises compensation for specific potential future losses.

  • Insurance Fraud

    The act of falsifying the facts of an accident to an insurance company to obtain payment that would not otherwise be made. Common types of insurance fraud are staged accidents, exaggerated injuries, and inflated medical bills.

  • Insured

    An individual or organization covered by an insurance policy.

  • Insurer

    An organization that provides insurance.

  • Leased Vehicle

    A vehicle rented under a long-term contract. The leasing company must be shown on your insurance policy as an insured.

  • Legal Liability

    Liability forced by law, as opposed to liability arising from an agreement or contract.

  • Liability

    Any legally enforceable obligation for the injury or damage suffered by another person.

  • Liability Adjuster

    The liability adjuster handles the investigation of the accident. These adjusters' responsibilities can include collision payments, property damage payments, and bodily injury settlements. In some states, these adjusters may also handle the medical portion of your claim.

  • Liability Insurance

    Insurance that provides protection from claims arising from injuries or damage to other people or property.

  • Lien

    A claim on property as a security for the payment of a debt.

  • Lienholder

    A person or organization with a financial interest in property up to the amount of money borrowed or still owed on the property.

  • Limit

    The maximum amount an insurance company will pay for damages or injuries that apply to the coverage. Most states have laws that specify the minimum limit that must be purchased for each required insurance coverage.

  • Limits of Liability

    The amount named in your policy up to which the insurance company will protect you.

  • Loss

    An instance or measurable cost of damage and/or injury suffered made by an insurance policyholder.

  • Loss of Use

    Compensation to a third-party claimant for financial losses resulting from the inability to use the property as the result of accident-related damage.

  • Malicious Mischief

    Intentional damage of personal property with malice of planning.

  • Medical Payments Coverage

    Optional coverage that pays medical expenses related to an automobile accident. This coverage is subject to the terms, limits and conditions of your policy.

  • Misrepresentation

    Inaccurate or deliberately false representation of the nature of somebody or something.

  • Multi-Car Discount

    Available to policyholders who insure more than one vehicle at the same location.

  • Named Insured

    The person or entity stated on the policy declarations page.

  • Negligence

    A civil wrong causing injury or harm to another person or property as the result of doing something or failing to provide a proper or reasonable level of care.

  • Non-Renewal

    When a party decides not to renew a policy at the end of its policy period.

  • Occurrence

    An event or repeated exposure to conditions, which unexpectedly causes injury or damage.

  • Original Equipment Manufacturer Parts

    Auto parts acquired from the original manufacturer of the car or supplier of the original part.

  • Passive Restraint System

    A passenger safety system, such as an air-bag, that activates automatically and instantaneously in the event of an accident.

  • Payment Recovery Adjuster

    The Payment Recovery Adjuster is responsible for recovering your deductible from the other party's insurance company.

  • Peril

    A danger or hazard that can cause a loss.

  • Personal Injury Protection

    May pay for your medical treatment, lost wages, or other accident-related expenses regardless of who caused the accident. This coverage is subject to the terms, limits and conditions of your policy contract and is not available in all states.

  • Personal Property

    Tangible movable property, exclusive of land and including items such as automotive vehicles, boats, and money.

  • Physical Damage

    Damage to property.

  • Policy

    A contract between you, the insured, and the insurance company.

  • Policy Change

    Any change made to your insurance policy during the period that the policy is active.

  • Policyholder

    The named person or entity listed on the policy declarations page, who has purchased the insurance policy.

  • Pre-accident Condition

    The state and condition of the vehicle prior to the accident, including damage not related to the accident, mileage, options, and other factors.

  • Premium

    The fee of the insurance policy that the insured pays in exchange for insurance coverage.

  • Proof of Loss

    A statement made regarding the scope of the claim; it may be requested in accordance with the conditions of the policy.

  • Property Damage Liability Coverage

    Pays for damage to someone else's property resulting from an accident for which you, the insured, are at fault. This coverage is subject to the terms, limits and conditions of your policy contract.

  • Proximate Cause

    An act or omission initiating a continuous sequence of events resulting in bodily injury or property damage.

  • Quote

    A report of the premium that will be charged for insurance coverages based on precise information provided by the individual requesting the quote including drivers, vehicles, and driving record.

  • Rate

    Often used as a synonym for premium but in fact refers to the base rating units that are used to determine the final premium.

  • Rating Plan

    The system that determines your insurance premium rate. These rules change the base rates by applying discounts and surcharges based on your personal uniqueness, for example, using your seat belt, having anti-lock brakes, and insuring more than one vehicle.

  • Reinspection

    A review of an estimate or appraisal done by an adjuster during or after repairs to a vehicle. This is done to guarantee the accuracy of staff or independent auto damage personnel, and to guarantee that the work required in an estimate or appraisal is being completed by the body shop.

  • Release

    Legally binding contract stating that all obligations, arising from a particular accident or occurrence, have been fulfilled.

  • Renewal Date

    The date your insurance policy expires, and the date your renewed policy will begin.

  • Rental Reimbursement

    Optional coverage that helps pay rental vehicle expenses when your insured vehicle is inoperative as the result of an accident or loss. Available to most policyholders for an additional premium.

  • Replacement Parts

    Several types of parts may be used when your vehicle is repaired: new parts, original equipment manufacturer and after-market. New or after-market parts will be used if we can't find similar-class parts.

  • Risk

    The chance of incurring a loss.

  • SR-22, Certificate of Financial Responsibility (CFR)

    An SR-22 (CFR) is a certificate mandated by the state to verify that an individual is maintaining auto insurance liability coverage. If a person needs an SR-22 (CFR), they will usually be notified by their state's Motor Vehicle Department.

  • Salvage

    Damaged property which is taken over by the insurance company after payment of a claim.

  • Second Party

    Term used to refer to the insurance company

  • Staff Adjuster

    Individual who is employed by Elephant Insurance to handle claims.

  • Subrogation

    If your car is damaged because of another driver's negligence and you ask Elephant to settle the claim for damage to your car, we will seek payment recovery from the other party.

  • Supplement/Supplemental Estimate

    Used to cover damage not included in the original estimate.

  • Theft

    The unlawful act or crime of taking of someone else's property with the intent to permanently deprive the owner of its use or possession.

  • Third Party Claim

    Claims for injury or damage to property of a third party (the claimant) alleged to have been caused by the first party (the insured).

  • Tort

    A private or civil wrongful act, other than breach of contract, for which damages can be sought by the injured party.

  • Total Loss

    Property that has sustained damage so massive that repairing it is not logical. A vehicle that is considered a total loss is if it cannot be repaired safely, if fixing the vehicle is not economically practical, or if state regulations require us to deem it a total loss.

  • Underwriting

    The process of assessing risk, by the insurer, to determine whether or not it will provide coverage for an applicant.

  • Vandalism

    The deliberate damage or destruction of someone else's property.

  • Vehicle Identification Number (VIN)

    A 17-digit number assigned to each vehicle, and is used for identification purposes.

  • Warranty

    A written guarantee of the integrity of a product and of the manufacturer's responsibility for the repair or replacement of defective parts.